“I think I am interested now in making the show involve a lot of additional people,” Bellamy told the BBC. However, this time frontman Matt Bellamy says he wants them to be a more “human” affair. The band, renowned for their highly theatrical and technical live shows, will be taking their acclaimed 2018 album ‘Simulation Theory’ on the road next year for a run of stadium gigs. Mqs.link_ have revealed that their 2019 world stadium tour will be largely “choreographed”, rather than leaning on technology. Born Under Punches (The Heat Goes On) (Live) (5:01)Ģ1. Everybody’s Coming to My House (Live) (3:46)ġ0. This Must Be the Place (Naïve Melody) (Live) (4:56)Ġ8. I Know Sometimes a Man Is Wrong / Don’t Worry About the Government (Live) (4:27)Ġ4. Just as Stop Making Sense was more than just another live album from just another rock band, American Utopia on Broadway does more than document Byrne’s 2018-2019 tour, it stands as a grand and powerful statement of its own from an artist who is as relevant now as he was in his salad days. And if American Utopia was thoughtful and whip smart, the Broadway show is thoughtful, whip smart, and fun - an entertainment that doesn’t compromise its intellect for its unique brand of showmanship and vice versa. For the show, Byrne also filled out the program with a rich variety of songs from his days with Talking Heads and his solo career, and they enhance the effect of the American Utopia numbers, as well as reminding us that the LP’s view of the State of the Union in the Trump era was ultimately one more chapter in a story he’s been pondering for decades now. Where the surfaces of the studio album were often cool and dryly ironic, the sweat and fire of a live show is apparent throughout, and Byrne’s ensemble is capable of cutting his brand of funk with confidence and élan. Listening to this performance without seeing it puts the material at a certain disadvantage, but this is a significantly more satisfying and pleasurable experience than the American Utopia album was. The tour eventually led to a run on Broadway, and American Utopia on Broadway documents how the show sounded to the patrons who saw it on the Great White Way. Byrne’s 2018 album American Utopia fared well with critics, but what really caught the attention of his audience was the tour he mounted in support, in which he performed with a small army of dancers and musicians who were in constant, carefully choreographed movement that changed it from a concert into something truly spectacular. Studio Masters, Official Digital Download | Digital Booklet, Front Cover | © Nonesuchĭavid Byrne may be the most cerebral rock musician of his generation, but unlike most of the artists who follow close behind him, he’s someone who understands the physicality of performance and the notion of giving it up for an audience smart and arty as he may be, he understands the age-old concept of giving the audience a show, and he happens to be very good at it. David Byrne – American Utopia on Broadway (Original Cast Recording) (2019)įLAC (tracks) 24 bit/96 kHz | Time – 01:30:29 minutes | 1,93 GB | Genre: Soundtrack
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The bun can be very small or bigger, depending on how much hair the child has, and is a fun and easy way to style hair without spending a lot of time on it.ĭesigns cut into a fade have always been popular, but what sets this design apart from others is that it is a great way for boys to show their faith. This is a great hairstyle, although it is generally seen on black boys that are a bit older, due to the length of the hair and how long they will have to sit to have their braids completed.Ī single bun on the top of the head is a great way to contain hair and keep it out of the face. Tight braids on the head are the best way to control significantly longer hair and keep it out of the way and out of the face. A bit of frizz from the twists makes this look more relaxed and prevents it from being perfect and boring. The thick twists add a ton of volume and body to the look. Thick and fatter twists that hang down around the face add a ton of interest to this look and are a wonderful way to control black baby boy’s long hair that may otherwise be out of control. This wild style is great for black baby boys with curly hair who are always on the go and who don’t want to slow down to have their hair fixed. The longer the curls are, the more volume and body that they will usually have, which makes them look and feel free. Longer hair can look a bit messy, but that’s a huge part of the appeal of this style. This allows the boy to have a unique style and one that is a little funky. There are only a few braids on the head, which means that they will be much thicker than if there were multiple ones. Thicker braids add a lot of interest to this style, making it a wonderful option for parents looking for stylish and easy black baby boy’s haircuts with undercut. Making sure that the hair is up and off of the face will ensure that the child can easily see and reduce frustration. It’s important to keep the hair trimmed to a shorter length so that parents won’t struggle to keep the hair tamed. When the hair is parted directly in the center, then it not only ensures that the braids will be even on each side of the head, but also that the style will look neat and very professional.Ī miniature afro adds some softness and volume to the head, which is why so many parents love this black hairdo on their baby boys. Shorter braids can hang down around the face without getting in the way, adding movement to this style and making it a bit more relaxed and fun. Keeping the lines around the face clean and straight is key to making sure that this look is as clean and attractive as possible. This is a great style option for black babies who have slightly longer hair. Twists that are twisted together and then tightened against the head look chic and sleek without having to use any product. The hair on top of the head can be allowed to grow out some, making it easy to care for. This fluffier black baby boy hairstyle is incredibly soft and doesn’t have any of the hard edges or lines that other hairstyles will sometimes have, making it a great option for very young babies. Very short sides and a short back with just some hair on top is cute and easy to care for. Keeping the twists smaller is key to making this look appear intentionally messy and fun. This is a fun and easy look and one that works well on most babies. Mini twists all over the head add interest and movement to the hair and allow little babies to play and learn without worrying about their hair getting in their face. It’s a great option for boys who want something that is a bit older looking but still won’t require a lot of upkeep. This gives both definition and movement to the hair and makes little boys look a bit more grown-up. One of the most popular hairstyles for baby black boys is to allow the curls to grow out a bit longer so that they can be more defined. It’s a great option for busy parents and busy baby boys with curls. Keeping the hair nice and short not only makes it easy to care for and ensures that the hair looks natural, but also allows a lot of the natural curl to show. This is a great option for black babies, as it doesn’t require any styling to look great. Picking a style that won’t need major updating will help the baby boy look great for a long time and won’t require as many trips to the hairdresser. One of the most important things that parents need to consider when looking for a great hairstyle for their black baby boys is how well it will last as their child grows up. Finding the right hairstyles for black baby boys has never been easier before! We are here to provide the best ideas to you.Īll parents want their children to look their best & these hairstyles for are not only perfect for baby boys due to how age-appropriate they are, but also because they do a wonderful job helping black boys and their parents express their personality. Q : A friend has managed to control her diabetes by following a “GI diet.” Can you shed light on what she means, since I don’t think she is referring to the “Meals Ready to Eat” used by the military!Ī: Your friend is definitely not referring to MREs! It sounds as if the diet she’s following is based on what’s called the “Glycemic Index,” or GI, which is a measure of a food’s ability to raise blood sugar levels compared with a reference food (either glucose or white bread). Grossman, RD, MS, CDE, CDN, Nutrition at the Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, answers a common question about low glycemic index foods. Actually studying the glycemic loads of various foods is an interesting exercise, but it isn’t necessary as long as you eat regularly, choose the right carbs, and avoid white flour and sugars. Stabilizing your blood sugar is accomplished by lowering the overall glycemic load of your diet. Lentils or pinto beans have a glycemic load that is approximately three times lower than instant mashed potatoes, for example, and therefore will not cause large spikes in blood-sugar levels. (A glycemic load of 20 or more is high, 10 or less is low.)Īnother example is beans. (A glycemic index of 70 or more is high, 55 or less is low.) But there aren’t a lot of carbohydrates in a serving of watermelon (it’s mostly water), so the glycemic load is relatively low, at 5. If you use the glycemic index to try and decide what’s best to eat, you might avoid watermelon because it has a high glycemic index of 80. You need to know both GI and GL to understand a food’s effect on blood sugar. The glycemic load gives a fuller picture than does glycemic index alone it takes into account how much carbohydrate is in a serving of a particular food. The glycemic load (GL) is a relatively newer and better way to assess the impact of carbohydrate consumption on your blood sugar. GLYCEMIC LOAD: A BETTER WAY TO TO MEASURE CARB CONSUMPTIONĪs we’ve already discussed, the glycemic index (GI) is a numerical system that measures how much of a rise in circulating blood sugar a carbohydrate triggers-the higher the number, the greater the blood sugar response. MEDIUM GLYCEMIC INDEX (between 56 and 69)īarley flour bread, 50% wheat flour, 50% course barley flour (30g)įrench bread, fermented with leaven (30g) Ice cream, low-fat, vanilla, “light” (50g) Ice cream, full-fat, French vanilla (50g) Water crackers, whole grain, sesame seeds (25g) Rye flour bread, 50% rye flour, 50% wheat flour (30g) Low Glycemic Index Foods | Medium Glycemic Index Foods | High Glycemic Index Foods They are grouped according to range and food type. The glycemic index charts below lists common foods followed by their serving size and glycemic index number, according to the GI Database compiled by the University of Sydney and cited by the USDA. Glycemic Index Charts: Low, Medium, and High High-glycemic foods are ranked at 70 and above and include table sugar, ice cream, and other heavily processed foods that are high in calories and fat. Foods such as bananas, raisins, and sweet potatoes are considered to be medium-glycemic foods and are ranked between 56 and 69. Low-glycemic foods have a glycemic load of 55 or lower and include most fruits and vegetables, beans, dairy, and some grains. Zero-glycemic foods-those without carbohydrates-include items like meats, fish, and oils. The standardized Glycemic Index ranges from 0 to 100. The lower a food is on the GI, the lower the effect on your blood sugar. Powdered Cellulose w/enzymes (added to prevent caking)), Butter Blend (Vegetable Oil Blend (Palm And Palm Kernel Oil, Soybean Oil), Skim Milk, Butter (Cream, Salt), Contains Less Than 2% Of Natural Flavor, Vitamin A Palmitate Added, Beta Carotene (Color), Salt), Black Pepper, Salt, Kosher, coarse.The Glycemic Index (GI) chart shows how much and how quickly a carbohydrate-containing food raises your blood-sugar levels. Asiago(Pasteurized milk, cheese culture, salt and enzymes). (Wheat Flour, Malted Barley Flour, Niacin, Reduced Iron, Thiamine Mononitrate, Riboflavin, Folic Acid), Water, Sugar, Dehydrated Potatoes, Soybean Oil, Yeast, Hydrolyzed Wheat Gluten, Salt, Malted Barley Flour, Ascorbic Acid, Enzymes, Hash Brown Potatoes, Dextrose, Disodium Dihydrogen Pyrophosphate (to maintain color), Three Cheese Blend (Low moisture part-skim mozzarella cheese, provolone cheese, mild cheddar cheese ), Parmesan/ Asiago Cheese Blend (Parmesan High Moist (Parmesan cheese (part-skim milk, cheese culture, salt and enzymes). Potato Dough Ball Enriched Unbleached Wheat Flour His average draft position was the third-highest among all players on. This news comes with somewhat significant fantasy football implications since it firmly cements the hierarchy in Green Bay's running game.Įxpectations were high for Lacy coming into the year. Plus, if Lacy is still getting back to full health following that groin injury, playing a secondary role behind Starks will lighten his workload a bit. Neither player is an elite-level NFL running back-at least at the moment-but Starks is the better of the two options. Lacy looks heavy footed and runs too upright All rights reserved.Ben Fennell James Starks feet/agility/vision are making him a much more productive RB right now. Terms of Use and Privacy Policy and Safety Information / Your California Privacy Rights are applicable to you. ^ Back to Top ^ © 2023 ESPN Internet Ventures. It was nowhere near as bad as last year." "I actually remember nothing when I got hit last year, but on this one I know everything that happened on that play and the play after and all the way until today. "Last year's I can tell was severely worse than this one," Lacy said. Lacy also had a concussion last season in Week 2 when he took a helmet hit from Washington Redskins safety Brandon Meriweather that caused him to miss one game. Lacy said Green, the Packers' career rushing leader, offered advice on how to deliver the same kind of force but with his shoulder and forearms, something Lacy said he was open to trying. In fact, he spent time on Thursday talking with former Packers running back Ahman Green, who now works for a local TV station, about running styles. I guess as I get older I will figure out how it goes." "It's not really something I'm trying to change as of now. "Somehow I'll have to figure out a way to change the way I run, but still keep the physical part of it," Lacy said. When talking about the collision, Lacy described it as him delivering the hit to Chancellor, not the other way around, which is telling about Lacy's mentality as a runner, and it has some in the Packers' organization worried about the star running back's longevity. Lacy popped back up quickly after the hit and appeared to be fine but took himself out after the next play because he said he felt dizzy. It appeared to be a legal hit, with each player's shoulder pads hitting the other's helmet. Lacy sustained the concussion in the fourth quarter, when he had a violent collision with Seahawks cornerback Kam Chancellor at the end of a 12-yard gain on a screen pass. "That's what we all thought," said Lacy, who noted that some other Packers' players with a history of concussions also wore the new helmet.Īlthough the new helmet still hung in Lacy's locker after practice on Thursday, he said he planned to go back to the one he wore last season. Lacy was a full participant in practice.Īgainst the Seahawks, Lacy wore the new Riddell "SpeedFlex" helmet, which was designed to help absorb impact force by adding flexibility to certain parts of the helmet to, in theory, help prevent concussions. Packers coach Mike McCarthy said Thursday that Lacy has been fully cleared and will play in Sunday's home opener. The next time you see Green Bay Packers running back Eddie Lacy - which will be Sunday against the New York Jets - he should have a different helmet and possibly even an altered running style.īoth are the result of the concussion the reigning NFL Offensive Rookie of the Year sustained in last week's season-opening loss at the Seattle Seahawks. You have reached a degraded version of because you're using an unsupported version of Internet Explorer.įor a complete experience, please upgrade or use a supported browser Though transaction fees are optional, miners can choose which transactions to process and prioritize those that pay higher fees. Any input satoshis not accounted for in the transaction outputs become the transaction fee. In such a case, an additional output is used, returning the change back to the payer. As in a cash transaction, the sum of inputs (coins used to pay) can exceed the intended sum of payments. Since transactions can have multiple outputs, users can send bitcoins to multiple recipients in one transaction. The use of multiple inputs corresponds to the use of multiple coins in a cash transaction. To prevent double spending, each input must refer to a previous unspent output in the blockchain. When a user sends bitcoins, the user designates each address and the amount of bitcoin being sent to that address in an output. 5 Transactions consist of one or more inputs and one or more outputs. Transactions are defined using a Forth-like scripting language. Individual blocks, public addresses, and transactions within blocks can be examined using a blockchain explorer. A conventional ledger records the transfers of actual bills or promissory notes that exist apart from it, but as a digital ledger, bitcoins only exist by virtue of the blockchain they are represented by the unspent outputs of transactions. This allows bitcoin software to determine when a particular bitcoin was spent, which is needed to prevent double-spending. At varying intervals of time averaging to every 10 minutes, a new group of accepted transactions, called a block, is created, added to the blockchain, and quickly published to all nodes, without requiring central oversight. To achieve independent verification of the chain of ownership, each network node stores its own copy of the blockchain. Network nodes can validate transactions, add them to their copy of the ledger, and then broadcast these ledger additions to other nodes. : 215–219 Transactions of the form payer X sends Y bitcoins to payee Z are broadcast to this network using readily available software applications. A network of communicating nodes running bitcoin software maintains the blockchain. It is implemented as a chain of blocks, each block containing a cryptographic hash of the previous block up to the genesis block in the chain. The bitcoin blockchain is a public ledger that records bitcoin transactions. Blockchain Data structure of blocks in the ledger 5 Units for smaller amounts of bitcoin are the millibitcoin (mBTC), equal to 1⁄ 1000 bitcoin, and the satoshi (sat), which is the smallest possible division, and named in homage to bitcoin's creator, representing 1⁄ 100 000 000 (one hundred millionth) bitcoin. One bitcoin is divisible to eight decimal places. Currency codes for representing bitcoin are BTC and XBT. The unit of account of the bitcoin system is the bitcoin. According to the University of Cambridge, bitcoin has emitted an estimated 200 million tonnes of carbon dioxide since its launch, or about 0.04% of all carbon dioxide released since 2009. Its proof-of-work algorithm for bitcoin mining is designed to be computationally difficult, which requires the consumption of increasing quantities of electricity, the generation of which has contributed to climate change. The environmental effects of bitcoin are substantial. In 2018, Bitcoin has been described as an economic bubble by at least eight recipients of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. Iran has used bitcoin to bypass sanctions. Ukraine has accepted cryptocurrency donations to fund the resistance to the 2022 Russian invasion. El Salvador has adopted Bitcoin as legal tender, although use by merchants remains low. A few governments have used bitcoin in some capacity. The Library of Congress reports that, as of November 2021, nine countries have fully banned bitcoin use, and a further forty-two have implicitly banned it. It is a compound of the words bit and coin. The word "bitcoin" was defined in a white paper published on October 31, 2008. The currency began use in 2009, when its implementation was released as open-source software. The cryptocurrency was invented in 2008 by an unknown person or group of people using the name Satoshi Nakamoto. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols.īitcoin ( abbreviation: BTC or XBT sign: ₿) is a protocol which implements a public, permanent, and decentralized ledger.īitcoin transactions are verified by network nodes through cryptography and recorded in a public distributed ledger called a blockchain. This article contains special characters. Initially ₿50 per block, halved every 210,000 blocks Note: The Mouse Circle for precision mousing is off by default in this mode, however it can be turned back on if desired. Three-finger swipe (works in both RDP and VNC mode) This is the user name and password you use to log into your PC when you first turn it on or restart it. You should enter your Windows user name and password in the dialog. The following functions work in Pen mode: click Updated 1 month ago Follow If you're connecting to a Windows computer you may be prompted to enter your Windows Credentials before you're able to connect. You may find this input mode more useful coupled with a capacitance pen for finer-grained control over the location of the mouse cursor. In Pen mode, movement of the mouse cursor is done with the equivalent of the left mouse button held down, as though you've triggered a left mouse drag. Here are the functions that work in Locked Screen mode: click Locked Screen mode disables zooming, and locks the whole desktop in place. ( More on Keyboard input and special key combinations) Show the Keyboard where you can access arrows, a number pad, function keys, and other auxiliary keys. Tap and slide inside the circle for precision mouse positioning and clicking. Because Jump Desktop is a remote desktop client, and most desktop displays are quite a bit larger than iPad's display, there are some additional things to know to efficiently work remotely: clickĢ quick taps and drag (don't lift your finger up after the 2nd tap - like on a trackpad) Standard uses the basic elements associated with a traditional multi-touch user interface: pinch or spread two points to zoom in or out and tap to click. Jump Desktop on the iPad has three ways to input mouse gestures. Compatible with both RDP and VNC, Jump Desktop is secure, reliable and very easy to set up. There is also a seventh icon that appears on the menubar when your iPad is connected to VGA display. Jump Desktop is a remote desktop application that lets you securely connect to any computer in the world. Zoom out so the whole desktop is displayed.Jump Desktop on the iPad has several controls that are useable in all input modes. If your noticing glitches, use Save current sketch as a copy. Performance will start to degrade, as a result. You should find SketchBook Pro and your other apps running better.Īs for working for hours, SAVE YOUR WORK and OFTEN! Working for hours really puts a strain on your device. Once these are safely transferred to external storage, such as the Cloud, remove the duplicate files from your device and try again. If this still doesn't resolve the issue, try backing up images and other media. We recommend closing unnecessary background apps. Apps running in the background can also effect performance. Devices with too many apps, videos, music, and/or images saved to them can run out of usable memory. If you're about to say, "that's not mine, it has tons of memory", you might need to look a bit closer. In both cases, devices may be running out of memory. If this doesn't correct the issue, you may have the same issue as someone who's working continuously for hours. If SketchBook Pro crashes as soon as you open it, if on Android, try uninstalling and reinstalling. SketchBook Pro crashes when I open it or after I've been using it for hours If you can't find the erasers, see Erasers for where you can find them on different platforms and how to make custom erasers. You can access Undo and Redo by doing one of following:įor all users of SketchBook Pro Mobile, double-tap the bottom left corner of the screen.Įnable the 3-finger tap gestures in Preferences.įor handheld device users, tap, then to undo an action or to redo an action.įor tablet users, in the toolbar, tap to undo an action or to redo an action. These all address the biggest issues customers are having and, whenever possible, provide solutions. We have a couple FAQs for SketchBook Pro, the one listed below and one specific to free brushes. SketchBook Pro FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) In Goodbye, Friend!, two Zigzagoon attempted to steal Ash's backpack, only to be warded off by Goh's Raboot. In a flashback in A Trip Down Memory Train!, a wild Bunnelby befriended a Zigzagoon. In Candid Camerupt!, Victor Winstrate's Zigzagoon battled Brock's Mudkip and was able to defeat it using Thunderbolt. In The Blue Badge of Courage, the Gym Badge thieves used a Zigzagoon and a Poochyena to battle Misty's Psyduck and Sakura's Espeon, but both were defeated. In Zig Zag Zangoose!, it was used in a battle against Ash and his Pokémon. He was eventually successful after encountering several. In In the Knicker of Time, Nicholai tried to catch a Zigzagoon. While this succeeded with other Pokémon, humans instead mistook it wanting affection, much to the Zigzagoon's frustrations. They enjoy battling to the point they often attempt to provoke others into fighting it. It is believed that the zigzag movements of the Zigzagoon from other regions originated from its Galar relatives. The Zigzagoon in Galar are known to be constantly on the move and never settling down. Zigzagoon are capable of finding items in the grass or ground, including items that were lost. The Zigzagoon found outside of Galar are friendlier and calmer compare to their Galarian relatives. It rubs its bristly back hair against trees to mark its territory and plays dead to fool opponents in battle. Zigzagoon is abundantly curious, as it wanders restlessly back and forth while rubbing its nose to the ground in search of something. It has a long pink tongue that is constantly hanging outside of its mouth with two lower teeth in between. The black feet contain three sharp white claws. The red eyes are surrounded by a black spiked mask. In Galar, the oldest and original form of Zigzagoon have more black-and-white-patterned fur. Its forefeet are cream-colored, but the hind feet are brown. Its feet have three claws and pink paw pads. The upper half of its mouth is jagged, and when it is open, there are two pointed teeth in its lower jaw. A black, mask pattern surrounds its brown eyes. It has a brown head with spiky ears and a black nose. It has stripes formed by alternating layers of cream and brown fur. Zigzagoon is a raccoon-like, quadrupedal Pokémon with bristly, zigzag-patterned fur. 5.7.5 By transfer from another generation.2.2 Pokémon Omega Ruby and Alpha Sapphire Animated Trailer. TVL in DeFi fell from a high of nearly $190 billion to $39 billion, with the collapse of Terra accounting for a single-event drop of about $75 billion. That said, Chainalysis has nonetheless observed in its 2022 Crypto Adoption Index blog post, it is “important to note that global adoption remains well above its pre-bull market 2019 levels.” It is true that there has been a pullback from the all-time-highs in a 12-month window. This time, the contagion took down crypto lenders BlockFi and Genesis Global Capital. Then in November, Coindesk reported a liquidity crisis at FTX, triggering a sell-off that culminated in FTX filing for bankruptcy amid reports of lax financial controls, dubious loans, and personal use of customer deposits by FTX execs. Confidence remained shaky as the fallout took down hedge fund Three Arrows Capital and crypto lender Celsius Network. The crypto market entered 2022 off the back of an all time high and fought to hold its level until Terra fell apart in May, dragging crypto prices down in the process. There is no doubt that the industry has made advances since 2021, despite some shrill voices that would prefer to focus on short-term drama. Crypto winter set in, but the turning of the seasons in trading markets did not diminish the adoption and development of blockchain technology. As 2022 draws to a close, we wave goodbye to what will be remembered as a particularly challenging period for many players in the crypto and blockchain space. Threat actors can also use the malleability of Cobalt Strike to create customized builds that add or remove features to achieve objectives or evade detection. In essence: they can hit it and forget it. Cobalt Strike’s AppealĬobalt Strike is used by a diverse array of threat actors, and while it is not unusual for cybercriminal and APT actors to leverage similar tooling in their campaigns, Cobalt Strike is unique in that its built-in capabilities enable it to be quickly deployed and operationalized regardless of actor sophistication or access to human or financial resources. The job of simulating actor attacks and penetrating defenses might become a bit more straightforward when both sides are using the same tool.Ĭobalt Strike is also session-based - that is, if threat actors can access a host and complete an operation without needing to establish ongoing persistence, there will not be remaining artifacts on the host after it is no longer running in-memory. Threat actors can obtain Cobalt Strike in a variety of ways: purchasing it directly from the vendor’s website, which requires verification buying a version on the dark web via various hacking forums or using cracked, illegitimate versions of the software. In March 2020, a cracked version of Cobalt Strike 4.0 was released and made available to threat actors. Historically, Cobalt Strike use in malicious operations was largely associated with well-resourced threat actors, including large cybercrime operators like TA3546 (also known as FIN7), and advanced persistent threat (APT) groups such as TA423 (also known as Leviathan or APT40). Proofpoint researchers have attributed two-thirds of identified Cobalt Strike campaigns from 2016 through 2018 to well-resourced cybercrime organizations or APT groups. That ratio decreased dramatically the following years – between 2019 and present, just 15 percent of Cobalt Strike campaigns were attributable to known threat actors.įigure 1: Number of email messages associated with a Cobalt Strike payload observed over time. Note: 2021 figures include data through May 2021. By 2016, Proofpoint researchers began observing threat actors using Cobalt Strike. This high-profile activity was part of a clever attack chain enabling advanced threat actors to surreptitiously compromise a relatively small number of victims. The tool used, and customized to fit their needs, is almost a decade old but increasingly popular.Ĭobalt Strike debuted in 2012 in response to perceived gaps in an existing red team tool, the Metasploit Framework. In 2015, Cobalt Strike 3.0 launched as a standalone adversary emulation platform. This campaign was attributed to threat actors working for Russia’s Foreign Intelligence Service – a group with Cobalt Strike in their toolbox since at least 2018. Investigators revealed tools used by the threat actors included Cobalt Strike Beacon. In December 2020, the world learned about an expansive and effective espionage campaign that successfully backdoored the popular network monitoring software SolarWinds. When mapped to the MITRE ATT&CK framework, Proofpoint’s visibility into the attack chain focuses on Initial Access, Execution, and Persistence mechanisms. That is: How are threat actors attempting to compromise hosts and what payloads are they deploying first? Our corpus of threat actor data includes criminal and state-associated threat actor groups. Based on our data, Proofpoint assesses with high confidence that Cobalt Strike is becoming increasingly popular among threat actors as an initial access payload, not just a second-stage tool threat actors use once access is achieved, with criminal threat actors making up the bulk of attributed Cobalt Strike campaigns in 2020. However, it is also increasingly used by malicious actors – Proofpoint saw a 161 percent increase in threat actor use of the tool from 2019 to 2020. This aligns with observations from other security firms as more threat actors adopt hacking tools in their operations. In 2021, Cobalt Strike is appearing in Proofpoint threat data more frequently than ever. Cobalt Strike is a legitimate security tool used by penetration testers to emulate threat actor activity in a network. Cobalt Strike is currently used by more cybercrime and general commodity malware operators than APT and espionage threat actors.Threat actor use of Cobalt Strike increased 161 percent from 2019 to 2020 and remains a high-volume threat in 2021.Malicious use of Cobalt Strike in threat actor campaigns is increasing.(Updated at the request of a third-party) Key Findings |
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